According to the DVD sleeve notes, "Before and during the film's shoot, [Dustin] Hoffman apprenticed himself to Edward Bunker, the ex-con whose book 'No Beast So Fierce' inspired the movie".
The meaning of the film's "Straight Time" title refers to the post-prison activities of an ex-convict who is not performing anymore criminal acts, as with the similar expression "Going Straight", it being the title also of a number of other film & TV titles.
Uncredited, Michael Mann worked on adapting the film's source novel "No Beast So Fierce" by Edward Bunker for the movie's script . The book later acted as a point of reference for Mann for the Neil McCauley character (played by Robert De Niro) when Mann later made the movie Heat (1995).
The first time Dembo meets his PO he is offered a cup of coffee in a very distinct mug... A few scenes later he is at the work temp agency and the boss of the office has the SAME mug on her desk.
When Max is incarcerated Jenny visits him and holds up her phone number against the glass. On returning to his cell Max tears off part of a cigarette wrapper and writes it down as 6561656. When he is later on the run he unfolds the piece of paper and looks at the number. It now has 2 digits transposed and is hyphenated: 656-6156.
Jerry Schue: [Max, Jerry and Carol are enjoying a backyard barbecue. Carol leaves to grab some drinks]
Get me outta here. They're killing me. I can't make this scene anymore, get me outta here... You got something, I know you got something...