While a guest on the National Public Radio program "Fresh Air," Dr. Stanley Burns (a photographic and medical historian who is a technical adviser to the TV series) said that the character of Dr. John Thackery (Clive Owen) is addicted to cocaine because Thackery is partly modeled on a real doctor from the period, William Halsted, who really was a cocaine addict. Halsted became addicted to cocaine because, Burns explained, it was common then for doctors to test new procedures and medicines on themselves, and cocaine, which was thought to be a good possible new surgical anesthetic, was not yet understood to be addictive.