In 1895 Sidney Reilly had an affair with Ethel Lillian Voynich, a married Russian author. In 1897 Voynich wrote a popular novel, The Gadfly. It was rumored that the adventurous hero of the novel was based on Reilly. In 1956, the novel was made into a movie and Dmitri Shostakovich was commissioned to compose the music. The same music, "The Gadfly-Romance", is heard as the theme to the Reilly: Ace of Spies television production.